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| Result: Searchterm 'Precess'
found in 7 messages |
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More Results:  Database (57) News Service (3) |
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Math G
Fri. 30 Jun.17,
21:02
[Reply (10 of 12) to:
'90 excitation pulse vs 180 inversion pulse'
started by: 'Bjorn Redfors'
on Sat. 27 Jun.09]
 Category:
Basics and Physics
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| 90 excitation pulse vs 180 inversion pulse |
I will try an answer to this rather old tread, in case someone stumble upon this like me.
The phenomenon of "coherence" that produce transverse magnetization after a 90 RF pulse cannot be answered by classical mechanics, or any simple model that represents individual protons as precessing magnets in either the parallel/antiparallel direction with regards to the MRI magnetic field.
Rather, it is a phenomenon related to quantum mechanics and the effect of a RF field on a interacting group of particles with spins (not necessarily oriented as parallel/antiparallel, I might add, even under the effect of a magnetic field).
The simplest depiction, as I understand, would be to imagine a group of spins as literally rotating as a whole under the effect of the RF. After a certain time (corresponding to a 90 degree pulse), the net magnetization that was oriented parallel to the MRI magnetic field, is now oriented in the transverse plane, causing transverse magnetization and signal. If you further apply RF, the system will continue to rotate, shifting gradually toward an antiparralel orientation, losing transverse magnetization in the process.
Hope its clearer!
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John Smith
Wed. 11 Nov.15,
22:14
[Start of:
'Faster pulse sequences'
0 Reply]
Category:
General
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| Faster pulse sequences |
Hi,
I have been learning about faster MRI sequences and have two questions
1) With "Fast (Turbo) gradient echo", in which we apply a spoiler gradient, do we not eventually end up with no longitudinal magnetization because TR is always shorter than T1? Hence shouldn't we eventually get no signal at all?
2) in SSFP (Steady-state free precession) we can apply an RF pulse of 90 degrees (in which T1>>T2) to get heart-blood contrast. How is this any different to a standard spin-echo sequence in terms of timing?
Thank you
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Oliver Lyttelton
Mon. 1 Mar.10,
13:39
[Reply (8 of 12) to:
'90 excitation pulse vs 180 inversion pulse'
started by: 'Bjorn Redfors'
on Sat. 27 Jun.09]
Category:
Basics and Physics
|
| 90 excitation pulse vs 180 inversion pulse |
Okay, so this thread is answering close to a question I had, which is how to conceptually understand what happens with alpha>90 degrees excitation pulses.
I can imagine spinning tops, precessing at the Larmor frequency, I can imagine that as you apply the excitation pulse which is always in the transverse plane to the main magnet, you start to pull the tops further away from the B0 axis and bring them into coherence so like lots of little lighthouses they are all bright/dark in phase with each other. I can imagine a 90 degree pulse bring the spins completely into the transverse plane. I can imagine them relaxing, dephasing quickly and then slowly reducing their angle of precession back up towards initial state close to direction B0.
But what I can't understand in my (rather newtonian) model, is what happens as you continue to excite beyond the 90 degree transverse plane. I sort of get that somehow the spins continue to rotate in some (weird) dimension, and that they have to come back through that (weird) dimension first before returning from 90 degrees back to the relaxed state. But what happens in "weird" dimension is beyond my conceptual model. Can someone extend my model for me, preferrably without signal equations?
tar muchly,
Oliver
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Iosif Sogolov
Sun. 3 Jan.10,
20:49
[Reply (7 of 12) to:
'90 excitation pulse vs 180 inversion pulse'
started by: 'Bjorn Redfors'
on Sat. 27 Jun.09]
Category:
Basics and Physics
|
| 90 excitation pulse vs 180 inversion pulse |
prior 90: spins precess around B0 uncoherently, there for the sum of their projections on TRANSVERSE plane is ZERO, they are "unfocused" in this plane. 90 and right after: all above mentioned spins are forced to rotate around B1, it should be stressed - in only one for ALL of them chosen direction of rotation (depends of B1 direction) to the TRANSVERSE plane, they all will come compact to this plane and now they do give here NET MAGNETIZATION, become "focused".
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hithesh n
Fri. 11 Sep.09,
08:33
[Reply (2 of 12) to:
'90 excitation pulse vs 180 inversion pulse'
started by: 'Bjorn Redfors'
on Sat. 27 Jun.09]
Category:
Basics and Physics
|
| 90 excitation pulse vs 180 inversion pulse |
Hi Bjorn,
I might be able to explain this even though its too late.
Initially a 90 excitation pulse is applied, the Hydrogen protons precess in the XY plane. Now they are spinning in sync in the XY or transverse plane. This is where they emit the RF signal.
But pretty soon, the neighboring hydrogen protons go out of sync, ie one is going faster and the other is going slower. This is similar to runners running a race in a track, they all start at the same time(assume) but after a couple of secs, some run faster than the other. The faster ones are in the front and the slower ones are in the back.
How do you bring them back into sync?
This is where the 180 excitation comes into play.
Now you apply a 180 pulse, this is equivalent to making the runners run in opposite direction. Now suddenly, the slower runners are gonna be in the front and faster ones in the back. Eventually the faster ones catchup and all of them are gonna be in sync. They go out of sync again.
They go out of sync bcoz the magnetic field applied is not uniform and due to material (tissues, bones etc). Local variations in the field causes the protons to go out of sync.
The 180 brings them in to coherence, not instantly but they do catch up and become coherent.
The 90, brings them into coherence almost instantly.
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