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Continuous Wave
 
(CW) A continuous wave is an electromagnetic wave of constant amplitude and frequency (emitting continuously, not pulsed). Continuous wave lasers are used in spectroscopy.
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Continuous Wave NMR
 
(CW) A technique for studying NMR by continuously applying RF radiation to the sample and slowly sweeping either the RF frequency or the magnetic field through the resonance values; now largely superceded by pulse MR technique.
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etc.MRI Resource Directory:
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ContraindicationsForum -
there are related threadsMRI Resource Directory:
 - Safety -
 
The principal contraindications of the MRI procedure are mostly related to the presence of metallic implants in a patient. The risks of MRI scans increase with the used field strength. In general, implants are becoming increasingly MR safe and an individual evaluation is carried out for each case.
mri safety guidance
MRI Safety Guidance
Some patients should not be examined in MRI machines, or come closer than the 5 Gauss line to the system.

Absolute Contraindications for the MRI scan:
electronically, magnetically, and mechanically activated implants
ferromagnetic or electronically operated active devices like automatic cardioverter defibrillators
metallic splinters in the eye
ferromagnetic haemostatic clips in the central nervous system (CNS)

Patients with absolute contraindications should not be examined or only with special MRI safety precautions. Patients with an implanted cardiac pacemaker have been scanned on rare occasions, but pacemakers are generally considered an absolute contraindication. Relative contraindications may pose a relative hazard, and the type and location of an implant should be assessed prior to the MRI examination.

Relative Contraindications for the MRI scan:
other pacemakers, e.g. for the carotid sinus
lead wires or similar wires (MRI Safety risk)
prosthetic heart valves (in high fields, if dehiscence is suspected)
haemostatic clips (body)

Osteosynthesis material is usually anchored so well in the patients that no untoward effect will result. Another effect on metal parts in the patient's body is the heating of these parts through induction. In addition, image quality may be severely degraded. The presence of other metallic implants such as surgical clips etc. should be made known to the MRI operators. Most of these materials are non-magnetic, but if magnetic, they can pose a hazard.

See also MRI safety, Pregnancy, Claustrophobia and Tattoos.
Radiology-tip.comradRadiation Safety,  As Low As Reasonably Achievable
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Medical-Ultrasound-Imaging.comUltrasound Safety
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Further Reading:
  Basics:
MRI in Patients with Implanted Devices: Current Controversies
Monday, 1 August 2016   by www.acc.org    
Newer Heart Devices Safe During MRI
Monday, 23 August 2004   by www.hospimedica.com    
Physics of MRI Safety
   by www.aapm.org    
FDA Releases New Guidance On Establishing Safety, Compatibility Of Passive Implants In MR Environments
Tuesday, 16 December 2014   by www.meddeviceonline.com    
  News & More:
Women with permanent make-up tattoos suffer horrific facial burns after going in for MRI scans - which create an electric current in the ink
Monday, 4 July 2016   by www.dailymail.co.uk    
Positive diagnosis for neural therapeutic implants
Tuesday, 19 April 2016   by medicalxpress.com    
Codman Neuro develops new MRI-resistant programmable valve for treatment of hydrocephalus
Tuesday, 22 September 2015   by www.news-medical.net    
ContrastForum -
there are related threads
 
Contrast is the relative difference of signal intensities in two adjacent regions of an image.
Due to the T1 and T2 relaxation properties in magnetic resonance imaging, differentiation between various tissues in the body is possible. Tissue contrast is affected by not only the T1 and T2 values of specific tissues, but also the differences in the magnetic field strength, temperature changes, and many other factors. Good tissue contrast relies on optimal selection of appropriate pulse sequences (spin echo, inversion recovery, gradient echo, turbo sequences and slice profile).
Important pulse sequence parameters are TR (repetition time), TE (time to echo or echo time), TI (time for inversion or inversion time) and flip angle. They are associated with such parameters as proton density and T1 or T2 relaxation times. The values of these parameters are influenced differently by different tissues and by healthy and diseased sections of the same tissue.
For the T1 weighting it is important to select a correct TR or TI. T2 weighted images depend on a correct choice of the TE. Tissues vary in their T1 and T2 times, which are manipulated in MRI by selection of TR, TI, and TE, respectively. Flip angles mainly affect the strength of the signal measured, but also affect the TR/TI/TE parameters.
Conditions necessary to produce different weighted images:
T1 Weighted Image: TR value equal or less than the tissue specific T1 time - TE value less than the tissue specific T2 time.
T2 Weighted Image: TR value much greater than the tissue specific T1 time - TE value greater or equal than the tissue specific T2 time.
Proton Density Weighted Image: TR value much greater than the tissue specific T1 time - TE value less than the tissue specific T2 time.

See also Image Contrast Characteristics, Contrast Reversal, Contrast Resolution, and Contrast to Noise Ratio.
 
Images, Movies, Sliders:
 Fetus (Brain) and Dermoid in Mother  Open this link in a new window
      

Courtesy of  Robert R. Edelman

 Circle of Willis, Time of Flight, MIP  Open this link in a new window
    
SlidersSliders Overview

 Anatomic MRI of the Knee 1  Open this link in a new window
    
SlidersSliders Overview

 Anatomic Imaging of the Liver  Open this link in a new window
      

 Brain MRI Inversion Recovery  Open this link in a new window
    
 
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• View the DATABASE results for 'Contrast' (373).Open this link in a new window

 
Further Reading:
  Basics:
Magnetic resonance imaging
   by www.scholarpedia.org    
MRI's inside story
Thursday, 4 December 2003   by www.economist.com    
Image Characteristics and Quality
   by www.sprawls.org    
  News & More:
A natural boost for MRI scans
Monday, 21 October 2013   by www.eurekalert.org    
A groundbreaking new graphene-based MRI contrast agent
Friday, 8 June 2012   by www.nanowerk.com    
New MRI Chemical Offers Amazing Contrast
Friday, 22 January 2010   by news.softpedia.com    
MRI Resources 
Pediatric and Fetal MRI - General - Breast MRI - - Societies - Sequences
 
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New acceleration techniques will :
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cause artifacts 
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