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Spectral Width
 
The overall width in hertz needed to observe a particular NMR spectrum. This width is generally set using the Nyquist limit; namely, that the temporal sampling rate must be equal to twice the maximum spread in frequencies.
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Spectrometer
 
The part of the NMR system that actually produce the NMR phenomenon and acquire the signals, including the magnet, the probe, the RF circuitry, the gradient coils, etc. The spectrometer is controlled via the interface.
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Spectroscopic Imaging Techniques
 
For the wide uses of NMR spectroscopy (from mineralogy to medicine) there is a variety of different spectroscopic imaging techniques available.
A short listing of the most frequent variations:
'One-dimensional NMR Spectroscopy (1D NMR) is attended to the spectra of (1H) Proton, 13Carbon etc., which in general is divided in continuous wave and pulse spectroscopy. General used to determine chemical structures. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR) spectroscopy are the most prominent techniques here.
'Two-dimensional NMR Spectroscopy' (2D NMR) is based on pulse spectroscopy. This technique is mostly used for the study of chemical interactions accompanied by magnetization transfer. Examples for more diversified spectroscopy techniques are based on homonuclear (COSY, TOCSY, 2D-INADEQUATE, NOESY, ROESY) or heteronuclear correlation (HSQC, HMQC, HMBC).
'Solid State NMR Spectroscopy' analyzes samples with little or no molecular mobility. Dipolar coupling and chemical shift anisotropy are the dominating nuclear physical effects here. Used for example in pharmaceutical analysis.
'Solution State NMR Spectroscopy' is a technique to analyze the structure of samples with a high degree of molecular mobility as polymers, proteins, nucleic acids etc.
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Further Reading:
  Basics:
Chemical Applications of NMR
   by hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu    
  News & More:
Automated analysis of the total choline resonance peak in breast proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Wednesday, 4 October 2023   by analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com    
New Brain Imaging Technique Identifies Previously Undetected Epileptic Seizure Sites
Friday, 13 November 2015   by www.newswise.com    
Proton MR Spectroscopic Imaging without Water Suppression1
2000   by radiology.rsnajnls.org    
Spectroscopy
 
Edward Purcell and Felix Bloch discovered the basic of spectroscopy in 1946 (see MRI History). Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR Spectroscopy or MRS) is an analytical tool, based on nuclei that have a spin (nuclei with an odd number of neutrons and/or protons) like 1H, 13C, 17O, 19F, 31P etc.
Through nuclear magnetic principles as precession, chemical shift, spin spin coupling etc., the analysis of the content, purity, and molecular structure of a sample is possible. The spectrum produced by this process contains a number of peaks; the highs and the positions of these peaks allow the exact analysis. Unknown compounds can be matched against spectral libraries. Even very complex organic compounds as enzymes and proteins can be determined. For the wide uses of NMR spectroscopy (from mineralogy to medicine) there is a variety of different techniques available.
See Spectroscopic Imaging Techniques.
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Further Reading:
  Basics:
MR Spectroscopy May Help Avoid Invasive Procedures And Treatments For Recurrent Brain Lesions
Wednesday, 11 February 2009   by www.sciencedaily.com    
MRI spectroscopy is highly sensitive for lipid-soluble metabolites from UC-MSCs
Monday, 9 September 2013   by phys.org    
  News & More:
Pioneering MRI imaging method captures brain glucose metabolism without the need for administration of radioactive substances
Friday, 28 April 2023   by www.eurekalert.org    
New quantum sensing technique allows high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Wednesday, 17 June 2020   by phys.org    
MR Spectroscopy Detects Biochemical Alterations in Pre-Invasive Breast Cancer Patients
Wednesday, 11 March 2015   by radiationtherapynews.com    
MR Spectroscopy Shows Differences in Brains of Preterm Infants
Monday, 25 November 2013   by www.digitaljournal.com    
Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and MRI Reveal No Evidence for Brain Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Wednesday, 16 March 2011   by leftbrainrightbrain.co.uk    
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy for breast cancer
Wednesday, 11 July 2007   by www.news-medical.net    
Spectrum
 
An array of the frequency components of the MR signal according to frequency. Nuclei with different resonant frequencies will show up as values at different corresponding frequencies in the spectrum. When resonances are relatively isolated they appear as peaks or lines in the spectrum.
A spectrum is also a graphic representation of the range over which a quantity extends.
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MRI Resources 
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