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Hardware
 
MRI hardware includes the electrical and mechanical components of a scanning device.
The main hardware components for the MRI machine are:
The magnet establishing the B0 field to align the spins.
Within the magnet are the gradient coils for producing variations in B0 in the X, Y, and Z directions to make a localization of the received data possible.
Within the gradient coil or directly on the object being imaged is the radio frequency (RF) coil. This RF coil is used to establish the B1 magnetic field necessary to excite the spinning nuclei. The RF coil also detects the signal emitted from the spins within the object being imaged.
The RF amplifier increases the power of the pulses.
The analog to digital converter converts the received analog raw data into digital values.
Depending on the design of the device and the body part being imaged the patient is positioned inside the magnet (e.g. on a movable table or standing upright).
The MRI scan room is surrounded by a RF shield (Faraday cage).
In addition, a computer console, a display, and a film printer belong to the MRI equipment.

See also the related poll result: 'Most outages of your scanning system are caused by failure of'
Radiology-tip.comradCT Scanner,  Gamma Camera
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Further Reading:
  Basics:
Imaging Hardware
   by www.fmrib.ox.ac.uk    
  News & More:
Why non-magnetic capacitors matter in medical imaging
Wednesday, 19 February 2020   by www.medicaldesignandoutsourcing.com    
A transportable MRI machine to speed up the diagnosis and treatment of stroke patients
Wednesday, 22 April 2015   by medicalxpress.com    
Magnetic resonance angiography: current status and future directions
Wednesday, 9 March 2011   by www.jcmr-online.com    
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Pulse Sequence Timing DiagramInfoSheet: - Sequences - 
Intro, 
Overview, 
Types of, 
etc.
 
Spin Echo Timing Diagram The schematic figures of a pulse sequence timing diagram illustrate the steps of basic hardware activity that are incorporated into a pulse sequence. Time during sequence execution is indicated along the horizontal axes. Each line belongs to a different hardware component. One line is needed for the radio frequency transmitter and also one for each gradient (Gs = slice selection gradient x, Gf = phase encoding gradient y, Gf = frequency encoding gradient z, also called readout gradient).
In picture 1, a timing diagram for a 2D pulse sequence is shown.
Slice selection and signal detection are repeated in duration, relative timing and amplitude, each time the sequence is repeated. A single phase encoding component is present each time the sequence is executed.
Additional lines are added for ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) and sampling. A gradient pulse is shown as a deviation above or below the horizontal line. Simultaneous component activities such as the RF pulse and slice selection gradient are indicated as a non-zero deviation from both lines at the same horizontal position. Simple deviations from zero show constant amplitude gradient pulse. Gradient amplitudes that change during the measurement, e.g. phase encoding are represented as hatched regions.

Spin Echo Timing Diagram The second picture shows a timing diagram for a 3D pulse sequence.
Volume excitation and signal detection are repeated in duration, relative timing and amplitude, each time the sequence is repeated. Two phase encoding components are present, one in the phase encoding direction and the other in slice selection direction (irrespectively incremented in amplitude) in each time the sequence is executed. A description of the comparison of hardware activity between different pulse sequences.
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Amplifier
 
Hardware components from MRI systems. The radio frequency (RF) amplifier increases the power (measured in Watt) of the pulses from mW to kW and the gradient amplifier increases the power of the gradient pulses for the gradient coils.

See also Hardware.
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ArtifactForum -
related threadsInfoSheet: - Artifacts - 
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 - Artifacts -
 
An image artifact is a structure not normally present but visible as a result of a limitation or malfunction in the hardware or software of the MRI device, or in other cases a consequence of environmental influences as heat or humidity or it can be caused by the human body (blood flow, implants etc.). The knowledge of MRI artifacts (brit. artefacts) and noise producing factors is important for continuing maintenance of high image quality. Artifacts may be very noticeable or just a few pixels out of balance but can give confusing artifactual appearances with pathology that may be misdiagnosed.
Changes in patient position, different pulse sequences, metallic artifacts, or other imaging variables can cause image distortions, which can be reduced by the operator; artifacts due to the MR system may require a service engineer.
Many types of artifacts may occur in magnetic resonance imaging. Artifacts in magnetic resonance imaging are typically classified as to their basic principles, e.g.:
Physiologic (motion, flow)
Hardware (electromagnetic spikes, ringing)
Inherent physics (chemical shift, susceptibility, metal)

Several techniques are developed to reduce these artifacts (e.g. respiratory compensation, cardiac gating, eddy current compensation) but sometimes these effects can also be exploited, e.g. for flow measurements.

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Further Reading:
  Basics:
ARTEFACT VERSUS ARTIFACT
Saturday, 26 January 2002   by www.worldwidewords.org    
  News & More:
MRI results affected by movement? MIT researchers have an AI-powered solution
Friday, 25 August 2023   by healthimaging.com    
Magnetic eyelashes: A new source of MRI artifacts
Wednesday, 24 July 2019   by medicalxpress.com    
On the Horizon - Next Generation MRI
Wednesday, 23 October 2013   by thefutureofthings.com    
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CoilForum -
related threadsInfoSheet: - Coils - 
Intro, 
Overview, 
etc.MRI Resource Directory:
 - Coils -
 
A coil consists of one or more loops of conductive wire, looped around the core of the coil. Coils are part of the hardware of MRI machines and are used to create a magnetic field or to detect a changing magnetic field by voltage induced in the wire. A coil is usually a physically small antenna.
The perfect coil produces a uniform magnetic field without significant radiation.
Different types of MRI coils are used in MR systems:
Gradient coils are used to produce controlled variations in the main magnetic field (B0) to provide spatial localization of the signals and to apply reversal pulses in some imaging techniques.
MR imaging radio frequency coils to receive and/or transmit the RF signal.
Shim coils provide auxiliary magnetic fields in order to compensate for inhomogeneities in the main magnetic field of the MRI machine.

See also Gradient Coil, Radio Frequency Coil, Hardware and Coil Loading.

See also the related POLL result: '3rd party coils are better than the original manufacturer coils'
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Further Reading:
  News & More:
3T MRI-Compatible Small Body Array Gets FDA Nod
Monday, 15 January 2024   by www.diagnosticimaging.com    
High-field MRI Coils – that work, superbly, even at 750 MHz
   by www.dotynmr.com    
New superconducting coil improves MRI performance
Wednesday, 20 July 2016   by www.eurekalert.org    
First European fully superconductive coil reaching a magnetic field of 25 Tesla produced
Wednesday, 8 June 2016   by www.news-medical.net    
ScanMed Introduces a Groundbreaking New Orbit and Mandible Array to the MRI Market
Wednesday, 26 March 2014   by www.digitaljournal.com    
MRI coil optimized for imaging of infants gets FDA clearance
Tuesday, 17 April 2012   by www.medcitynews.com    
Low-profile MRI coil company inching toward commercialization
Wednesday, 21 December 2011   by www.medcitynews.com    
High-Resolution Uniform MR Imaging of Finger Joints Using a Dedicated RF Coil at 3 Tesla
Sunday, 31 January 2010   by www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov    
DOTmed Industry Sector Report: MRI Coil Sales & Service Companies
Thursday, 13 December 2007   by www.dotmed.com    
MRI Resources 
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