(TGSE / TurboGSE) A sequence with a combination of Gradient and Spin Echo Imaging. Additional gradient echoes are generated before and after each spin echo. The spin echoes are allocated to the center of the raw data matrix to give pure T2 contrast. The gradient echoes primarily determine the image resolution. If multiple image lines are obtained during a single echo, the imaging pulse sequence type is a TGSE pulse sequence. This sequence is very fast, fat is darker and more sensitive to susceptibility effects. Also called GRASE.

( TIR / TIRM / IR-TSE - Inversion Recovery Turbo Spin Echo / FIR - Fast Inversion Recovery)
A turbo / fast spin echo sequence with long TI for fluid suppression (FLAIR) or with short TI for fat suppression (STIR). This sequence allows for a true inversion recovery display that shows the arithmetic sign of the signal.
TIRM means a turboIR with a magnitude display.

See also Inversion Recovery, Inversion Recovery Sequence and Fast Spin Echo.

Automatic bolus detection is used to trigger the begin of the MRI scan with the time the contrast agent reaches the region of interest. The acquisition process is started once the signal is increased in this region. There are similar methods used by the scanner manufacturer (see MRI Acronyms for Automatic Bolus Detection). After injection of the contrast agent the region of interest is monitored (e.g. with a spin echo or gradient echo sequence). When the signal increases the scan is automatically triggered or the operator is informed.

See also Abdominal Imaging, Bolus Injection, Fluoroscopic Triggering, Care Bolus, and Bolus Tracking.

(BTFE) A gradient echo pulse sequence with a balanced gradient waveform and data acquisition after an initial preparation pulse for contrast enhancement.

See Steady State Free Precession (SSFP) and Balanced Sequence.

[This entry is marked for removal.]

Berlex Laboratories, Inc. was an US affiliate of Schering AG Germany (now Bayer Schering Pharma AG ).
In June 2006 Bayer AG has bought the majority of shares of Schering AG. As a result of this take-over the new formed company has been named Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals.
For contrast agents distributed by Berlex Laboratories, Inc. please see Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals.