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News  (1)  
 
Intera Achieva 1.5Tâ„¢InfoSheet: - Devices -
Intro, 
Types of Magnets, 
Overview, 
etc.MRI Resource Directory:
 - Devices -
 
www.medical.philips.com/main/products/mri/products/intera_achieva/ From Philips Medical Systems;
The clinical capabilities of MR will further expand. Inside and out, the Achieva is a friendly, open system designed for optimal patient comfort and maximized workflow with high functionality. The Achieva 1.5T can be upgraded to Achieva I/T, with three configurations optimized for MR guided interventions and therapy:
Achieva I/T
Achieva I/T Neurosurgery
Achieva I/T Cardiovascular (or XMR - combining an Achieva 1.5T CV system and an X-Ray system)
Device Information and Specification
CLINICAL APPLICATION
Whole body
CONFIGURATION
Short bore compact
Standard: Head, body, C1, C3; Optional: Small joint, flex-E, flex-R, endocavitary (L and S), dual TMJ, knee, neck, T/L spine, breast; optional phased array: Spine, pediatric, 3rd party connector; Optional SENSEâ„¢ coils for all applications
Optional
SYNCHRONIZATION
ECG/peripheral: Optional/yes, respiratory gating
PULSE SEQUENCES
SE, Modified-SE, IR (T1, T2, PD), STIR, FLAIR, SPIR, FFE, T1-FFE, T2-FFE, Balanced FFE, TFE, Balanced TFE, Dynamic, Keyhole, 3D, Multi Chunk 3D, Multi Stack 3D, K Space Shutter, MTC, TSE, Dual IR, DRIVE, EPI, Cine, 2DMSS, DAVE, Mixed Mode; Angiography: Inflow MRA, TONE, PCA, CE MRA
IMAGING MODES
Single Slice 2D , Multi Single Slice 2D, Multi Slice 2D, 3D, Multi Chunk 3D, Multi Stack 3D
FOV
Over 40 cm
0.05 mm
128 x 128, 256 x 256,512 x 512,1024 x 1024 (64 for Bold img)
MEASURING MATRIX
Variable in 1% increments
PIXEL INTENSITY
Lum.: 120 cd/m2; contrast: 150:1
Variable (op. param. depend.)
60 x 60 cm
POWER REQUIREMENTS
380/400 V
CRYOGEN USE
0.03 L/hr helium
STRENGTH
up to 66 mT/m
5-GAUSS FRINGE FIELD
2.4 m / 3.8 m
Passive and dynamic
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MRI Resources 
Abdominal Imaging - Blood Flow Imaging - IR - Crystallography - Jobs pool - Spine MRI
 
Excelart XGâ„¢ with PianissimoInfoSheet: - Devices -
Intro, 
Types of Magnets, 
Overview, 
etc.MRI Resource Directory:
 - Devices -
 
http://www.medical.toshiba.com/clinical/radiology/15texcelart.htm From Toshiba America Medical Systems Inc.;
the EXCELART is a superconducting whole body MRI system with a short wide-bore magnet, operating at 1.5 T. It features powerful high-speed gradients with a revolutionary gradient acoustic noise reduction system: Pianissimo. The dramatic reduction of gradient acoustic noise by Pianissimo greatly enhances patient comfort during exams. The standard array platform and a wide range of array coils ensure excellent images. A powerful 64-bit RISC-based computer system and newly developed array processor realize high productivity.
Device Information and Specification
CLINICAL APPLICATION
Whole body
CONFIGURATION
Cylindrical Wide Short Bore
Optional (WIP)
SYNCHRONIZATION
ECG/peripheral, respiratory gating
PULSE SEQUENCES
SE, FE, IR, FastSE, FastIR, FastFLAIR, Fast STIR, FastFE, FASE, Hybrid EPI, Multi Shot EPI; Angiography: 2D(gate/non-gate)/3D TOF, SORS-STC
IMAGING MODES
Single, multislice, volume study
TR
2.6-30000 msec
TE
8 msec min. SE; 0.9 msec min. FE
SINGLE/MULTI SLICE
less than 0.011 (256x256)
FOV
2 cm
1.0 min. 2-DFT: 0.2 min. 3-DFT
Up to 1024
MEASURING MATRIX
32-1024, phase;; 64-1024, freq.
PIXEL INTENSITY
256 gray levels
BORE DIAMETER
or W x H
65.5 cm, patient aperture
MAGNET WEIGHT
4050 kg (bare magnet incl. L-He)
H*W*D
235 x 219 x 199 cm
POWER REQUIREMENTS
380/400/415/440/480 V
COOLING SYSTEM TYPE
Closed-loop water-cooled
CRYOGEN USE
Liquid helium: approx. less than 0.05 L/hr
STRENGTH
25 mT/m
5-GAUSS FRINGE FIELD
2.5 m / 4.0 m
Passive, active, auto-active
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• View the DATABASE results for 'Excelart XG™ with Pianissimo' (2).Open this link in a new window

 
Further Reading:
  News & More:
Angio, cardiac imaging top list for MR and CT
1999   by www.diagnosticimaging.com    
MRI Resources 
Supplies - MRI Physics - Crystallography - Societies - Intraoperative MRI - Musculoskeletal and Joint MRI
 
Opera (E-SCANâ„¢ XQ)InfoSheet: - Devices -
Intro, 
Types of Magnets, 
Overview, 
etc.MRI Resource Directory:
 - Devices -
 
www.esaote.com/products/MRI/eScanXQ/products1.htm Manufactured by Esaote S.p.A.;
a low field open MRI scanner with permanent magnet for orthopedic use. The outstanding feature of this MRI system is a patient friendly design with 24 cm diameter, which allows the imaging of extremities and small body parts like shoulder MRI. The power consumption is around 1.3 kW and the needed minimum floor space is an area of 16 sq m.
At RSNA 2006 Hologic Inc. introduced a new dedicated extremity MRI scanner, the Opera. Manufactured by Esaote is the Opera a redesign of Esaote's 0.2 Tesla E-Scan XQ platform, which now enables complete imaging of all extremities, including hip and shoulder applications. 'Real-time positioning' reportedly speeds patient setup and reduces exam times.
Esaote North America and Hologic Inc are the U.S. distributors of this MRI device.
Device Information and Specification
CLINICAL APPLICATION
Dedicated extremity
CONFIGURATION
Extremity, shoulder (2), flex coil, knee dual phased array, ankle//foot dual phased array, hand//wrist dual phased array coil
PULSE SEQUENCES
SE, GE, IR, STIR, FSE, 3D CE, GE-STIR, 3D GE, ME, TME, HSE
IMAGING MODES
Single, multislice, volume study, fast scan, multi slab
TR
10 - 5000 msec
TE
6 - 110 msec
SINGLE SLICE
0.6 sec/image
MULTISLICE
0.6 sec/image
17 cm
2D: 2 mm - 10 mm;
3D: 0.6 mm - 10 mm
MEASURING MATRIX
256 x 256 maximum
PIXEL INTENSITY
4096 gray lvls, 256 lvls in 3D
MAGNET TYPE
Permanent
24 cm H, open
MAGNET WEIGHT
2250 kg, 4960 lbs
H*W*D
79 x 65 x 85 cm
POWER REQUIREMENTS
2,0 kW; 110/220 V single phase
STRENGTH
20 mT/m
5-GAUSS FRINGE FIELD, radial/axial
150 cm/130 cm
Passive
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• View the DATABASE results for 'Opera (E-SCAN™ XQ)' (2).Open this link in a new window

 
Further Reading:
  News & More:
E-Scan, 510(k) Summary(.pdf)
Saturday, 15 May 2004   by www.accessdata.fda.gov    
Searchterm 'Multi Phase Imaging' was also found in the following service: 
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News  (1)  
 
MRI History
 
•
Sir Joseph Larmor (1857-1942) developed the equation that the angular frequency of precession of the nuclear spins being proportional to the strength of the magnetic field. [Larmor relationship]
•
In the 1930's, Isidor Isaac Rabi (Columbia University) succeeded in detecting and measuring single states of rotation of atoms and molecules, and in determining the mechanical and magnetic moments of the nuclei.
•
Felix Bloch (Stanford University) and Edward Purcell (Harvard University) developed instruments, which could measure the magnetic resonance in bulk material such as liquids and solids. (Both honored with the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1952.) [The birth of the NMR spectroscopy]
•
In the early 70's, Raymond Damadian (State University of New York) demonstrated with his NMR device, that there are different T1 relaxation times between normal and abnormal tissues of the same type, as well as between different types of normal tissues.
•
In 1973, Paul Lauterbur (State University of New York) described a new imaging technique that he termed Zeugmatography. By utilizing gradients in the magnetic field, this technique was able to produce a two-dimensional image (back-projection). (Through analysis of the characteristics of the emitted radio waves, their origin could be determined.) Peter Mansfield further developed the utilization of gradients in the magnetic field and the mathematically analysis of these signals for a more useful imaging technique. (Paul C Lauterbur and Peter Mansfield were awarded with the 2003 Nobel Prize in Medicine.)
•
In 1975, Richard Ernst introduced 2D NMR using phase and frequency encoding, and the Fourier Transform. Instead of Paul Lauterbur's back-projection, he timely switched magnetic field gradients ('NMR Fourier Zeugmatography'). [This basic reconstruction method is the basis of current MRI techniques.]
•
1977/78: First images could be presented. A cross section through a finger by Peter Mansfield and Andrew A. Maudsley. Peter Mansfield also could present the first image through the abdomen.
•
In 1977, Raymond Damadian completed (after 7 years) the first MR scanner (Indomitable). In 1978, he founded the FONAR Corporation, which manufactured the first commercial MRI scanner in 1980. Fonar went public in 1981.
•
1981: Schering submitted a patent application for Gd-DTPA dimeglumine.
•
1982: The first 'magnetization-transfer' imaging by Robert N. Muller.
•
In 1983, Toshiba obtained approval from the Ministry of Health and Welfare in Japan for the first commercial MRI system.
•
In 1984, FONAR Corporation receives FDA approval for its first MRI scanner.
•
1986: Jürgen Hennig, A. Nauerth, and Hartmut Friedburg (University of Freiburg) introduced RARE (rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement) imaging. Axel Haase, Jens Frahm, Dieter Matthaei, Wolfgang Haenicke, and Dietmar K. Merboldt (Max-Planck-Institute, Göttingen) developed the FLASH (fast low angle shot) sequence.
•
1988: Schering's MAGNEVIST gets its first approval by the FDA.
•
In 1991, fMRI was developed independently by the University of Minnesota's Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (CMRR) and Massachusetts General Hospital's (MGH) MR Center.
•
From 1992 to 1997 Fonar was paid for the infringement of it's patents from 'nearly every one of its competitors in the MRI industry including giant multi-nationals as Toshiba, Siemens, Shimadzu, Philips and GE'.
•
 
Images, Movies, Sliders:
 Cardiac Infarct Short Axis Cine Overview  Open this link in a new window
    

Courtesy of  Robert R. Edelman
 
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• View the DATABASE results for 'MRI History' (6).Open this link in a new window


• View the NEWS results for 'MRI History' (1).Open this link in a new window.
 
Further Reading:
  Basics:
Magnetic Resonance Imaging, History & Introduction
2000   by www.cis.rit.edu    
A Short History of the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
   by www.teslasociety.com    
Fonar Our History
   by www.fonar.com    
  News & More:
Scientists win Nobels for work on MRI
Tuesday, 10 June 2003   by usatoday30.usatoday.com    
2001 Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement Award Winner
   by web.mit.edu    
MRI's inside story
Thursday, 4 December 2003   by www.economist.com    
MRI Resources 
Pediatric and Fetal MRI - PACS - Mobile MRI - Corporations - Blood Flow Imaging - Contrast Enhanced MRI
 
Fast Spin EchoForum -
related threadsInfoSheet: - Sequences - 
Intro, 
Overview, 
Types of, 
etc.
 
Fast Spin Echo Diagram (FSE) In the pulse sequence timing diagram, a fast spin echo sequence with an echo train length of 3 is illustrated. This sequence is characterized by a series of rapidly applied 180° rephasing pulses and multiple echoes, changing the phase encoding gradient for each echo.
The echo time TE may vary from echo to echo in the echo train. The echoes in the center of the K-space (in the case of linear k-space acquisition) mainly produce the type of image contrast, whereas the periphery of K-space determines the spatial resolution. For example, in the middle of K-space the late echoes of T2 weighted images are encoded. T1 or PD contrast is produced from the early echoes.
The benefit of this technique is that the scan duration with, e.g. a turbo spin echo turbo factor / echo train length of 9, is one ninth of the time. In T1 weighted and proton density weighted sequences, there is a limit to how large the ETL can be (e.g. a usual ETL for T1 weighted images is between 3 and 7). The use of large echo train lengths with short TE results in blurring and loss of contrast. For this reason, T2 weighted imaging profits most from this technique.
In T2 weighted FSE images, both water and fat are hyperintense. This is because the succession of 180° RF pulses reduces the spin spin interactions in fat and increases its T2 decay time. Fast spin echo (FSE) sequences have replaced conventional T2 weighted spin echo sequences for most clinical applications. Fast spin echo allows reduced acquisition times and enables T2 weighted breath hold imaging, e.g. for applications in the upper abdomen.
In case of the acquisition of 2 echoes this type of a sequence is named double fast spin echo / dual echo sequence, the first echo is usually density and the second echo is T2 weighted image. Fast spin echo images are more T2 weighted, which makes it difficult to obtain true proton density weighted images. For dual echo imaging with density weighting, the TR should be kept between 2000 - 2400 msec with a short ETL (e.g., 4).
Other terms for this technique are:
Turbo Spin Echo
Rapid Imaging Spin Echo,
Rapid Spin Echo,
Rapid Acquisition Spin Echo,
Rapid Acquisition with Refocused Echoes
 
Images, Movies, Sliders:
 Lumbar Spine T2 FSE Sagittal  Open this link in a new window
    

Courtesy of  Robert R. Edelman
 MRI - Anatomic Imaging of the Foot  Open this link in a new window
    
SlidersSliders Overview

 Lumbar Spine T2 FSE Axial  Open this link in a new window
    

Courtesy of  Robert R. Edelman
 
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• View the DATABASE results for 'Fast Spin Echo' (31).Open this link in a new window

 
Further Reading:
  Basics:
MYELIN-SELECTIVE MRI: PULSE SEQUENCE DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION
   by www.imaging.robarts.ca    
Advances in Magnetic Resonance Neuroimaging
Friday, 27 February 2009   by www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov    
  News & More:
New MR sequence helps radiologists more accurately evaluate abnormalities of the uterus and ovaries
Thursday, 23 April 2009   by www.eurekalert.org    
Spin echoes, CPMG and T2 relaxation - Introductory NMR & MRI from Magritek
2013   by www.azom.com    
MRI Resources 
Process Analysis - MRI Reimbursement - Examinations - Libraries - MRI Physics - Contrast Enhanced MRI
 
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