The coordinate system most frequently used to quantitatively describe a n-dimensional space.
In 2 dimensions, i.e. a plane, it describes any point as a function of 2 perpendicular unit vectors (1,0) and (0,1) and in 3 dimensions as a function of 3 perpendicular unit vectors (1,0,0), (0,1,0) and (0,0,1). Functions in 2 dimensions are often conveniently described using the so-called theory of functions. When using this type of mathematical description, the imaginary number
i = √(-1) is introduced to label the y-axis.
a + ib is then actually a 2 dimensional vector with a x-axis component of 'a' and a y-axis component of 'b'.
The 'a' is called the real part and the 'b' the imaginary part of the function, an expression that is frequently encountered in MRI, where the real image is a pixel-wise representation of 'a' and the imaginary image a pixel-wise representation of 'b', with 'a' and 'b' the components of the xy-magnetization along the x- and y-axis, respectively.
(Renatus Cartesius/Rene Descartes, 1596-1650, French philosopher and mathematician)

Cartesian sampling is used to refer to data collection with a fixed value of the phase encoding gradient. In 2D Fourier imaging with common Cartesian sampling of k-space sensitivity encoding by means of a receiver array enables to reduce the number of Fourier encoding steps. This is achieved by increasing the distance of sampling positions in k-space while maintaining the maximum k-values.
The Cartesian coordinates are obtained from the polar coordinates by the operations
x = r sin f
y = r cos f
using the trigonometric functions sine and cosine.

Short name: CEIV-7, central moiety: Gd
A paramagnetic chelate with capabilities as a multipurpose T1-relaxivity necrosis avid MRI contrast agent.

See also Necrosis Avid Contrast Agent.

A metric unit of temperature.
Definition: One degree is 1/273.16 of the difference between the triple point of water (at exactly 0.01°C) and absolute zero.
The triple point of water is the temperature at which water can exist simultaneously in the gaseous, liquid, and solid states. Absolute zero is the temperature at which all molecular motion discontinues.
The Celsius temperature scale is named for the Swedish astronomer and physicist Anders Celsius (1701-1744), who used a similar scale.

A part in the k-space filled with signals made by phase encoding gradients (weak) used for contrast-determination.