Pulsatile cerebro spinal fluid flow produces ghost artifacts that are superimposed in the image.
Image Guidance
Flow compensation should be used to reduce these artifacts. This applies an additional gradient to eliminate phase differences for both stationary and moving spins at the echo time. At TE no phase differences is measured. If flow compensation is applied and there are still flow artifacts, cardiac triggering is an additional option to reduce these artifacts.
See also Motion Artifact.
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Case Study 1 :
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