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News  (222)  Resources  (163)  Forum  (75)  
 
Hepatobiliary Contrast AgentsInfoSheet: - Contrast Agents - 
Intro, Overview, 
Characteristics, 
Types of, 
etc.MRI Resource Directory:
 - Contrast Agents -
 
The characteristics of a hepatobiliary contrast agent are specific liver uptake and excretion via the biliary system. The paramagnetic substance (e.g. manganese, gadolinium) is taken up by normal hepatocytes. Diseased liver tissue did not include hepatocytes or their function is disturbed. Therefore, the signal of healthy liver tissue increases on T1 weighted sequences, but not in the liver lesions.
Another type of liver imaging contrast agent is superparamagnetic iron oxide. These particles accumulate in the reticuloendothelial system (RES) of the liver, and darken the healthy liver tissue in T2 weighted images. RES cells (including Kupffer cells) are existing in healthy liver tissue, in altered tissue with reduced RES activity or without RES cells the contrast agent concentration is also low or not existing, which improves the liver to lesion contrast.
Benefits of hepatobiliary contrast agents:
Liver lesions (e.g., tumor, metastases, haemangioma etc.) are better detectable and to characterize.
These contrast agents are useful to analyze and evaluate the liver function (in cases of diffuse liver diseases e.g., cirrhosis).
Imaging of the gallbladder and biliary system is improved.

Differences of a hepatobiliary contrast agent compared with a targeted contrast agent for Kupffer cells:
The higher number of hepatocytes than Kupffer cells improves the uptake effectiveness of the contrast agent.
Hepatobiliary contrast agents enable a better opacification of the biliary ducts and the gallbladder caused by the biliary excretion.
Hepatobiliary contrast media are fast excreted agents. RES targeted contrast agents remain longer in the body, a fact that can increase possible side effects.

See also Superparamagnetic Contrast Agents, Hepatobiliary Chelates, Liver Imaging, Endoremâ„¢, Primovistâ„¢, and Classifications, Characteristics, etc.

See also the related poll result: 'The development of contrast agents in MRI is'
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Further Reading:
  Basics:
Contrast MRI Best at Finding Liver Trouble - But Timing Matters
Sunday, 6 March 2011   by www.searchmedica.com    
  News & More:
Iron overload: accuracy of in-phase and out-of-phase MRI as a quick method to evaluate liver iron load in haematological malignancies and chronic liver disease
Friday, 1 June 2012   by www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov    
EMA's final opinion confirms restrictions on use of linear gadolinium agents in body scans
Friday, 21 July 2017   by www.ema.europa.eu    
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF FOCAL LIVER LESIONS(.pdf)
2002
MRI Resources 
Stimulator pool - Case Studies - MRI Training Courses - NMR - Mass Spectrometry - Pathology
 
Imaging CoilInfoSheet: - Coils - 
Intro, 
Overview, 
etc.MRI Resource Directory:
 - Coils -
 
Imaging coils are radio frequency coils used in magnetic resonance imaging for sending and/or receiving electromagnetic radiation. Several MR imaging coils in different shapes and sizes are necessary for different body parts and to handle individual applications.
For Example:
Birdcage coils provide high homogeneity and good signal to noise ratio (SNR) in brain MRI scans.
Surface coils with small coil diameter and higher SNR enable to image the temporomandibular joints (TMJ).
The implemented body coil allows the scanning of body parts with large field of views.
Micro coils are available to image finger joints.
High performance phased array coils are today state-of-the-art for a wide range of applications from head, spine, knee or shoulder to cardiac MRI.
For different types of coils see Volume Coil, Sense Coil, Array Coil, Surface Coil, and Bird Cage Coil.

See also the related poll result: '3rd party coils are better than the original manufacturer coils'
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• View the DATABASE results for 'Imaging Coil' (7).Open this link in a new window


• View the NEWS results for 'Imaging Coil' (9).Open this link in a new window.
 
Further Reading:
  Basics:
Radio-frequency Coil Selection for MR Imaging of the Brain and Skull Base1
   by radiology.rsnajnls.org    
MRI Resources 
Jobs - MRI Training Courses - Contrast Enhanced MRI - Research Labs - Used and Refurbished MRI Equipment - Anatomy
 
Imaging of the ExtremitiesMRI Resource Directory:
 - Musculoskeletal and Joint MRI -
 
Knee and shoulder MRI exams are the most commonly requested musculoskeletal MRI scans. Other MR imaging of the extremities includes hips, ankles, elbows, and wrists. Orthopedic imaging requires very high spatial resolution for reliable small structure definition and therefore places extremely high demands on SNR.
Exact presentation of joint pathology expects robust and reliable fat suppression, often under difficult conditions like off-center FOV, imaging at the edge of the field homogeneity or in regions with complex magnetic susceptibility.
MR examinations can evaluate meniscal dislocations, muscle fiber tears, tendon disruptions, tendinitis, and diagnose bone tumors and soft tissue masses. MR can also demonstrate acute fractures that are radiographically impossible to see. Evaluation of articular cartilage for traumatic injury or assessment of degenerative disease represents an imaging challenge, which can be overcome by high field MRI applications. Currently, fat-suppressed 3D spoiled gradient echo sequences and density weighted fast spin echo sequences are the gold-standard techniques used to assess articular cartilage.
Open MRI procedures allow the kinematic imaging of joints, which provides added value to any musculoskeletal MRI practice. This technique demonstrates the actual functional impingements or positional subluxations of joints. In knee MRI examinations, the kinematical patellar study can show patellofemoral joint abnormalities.

See also Open MRI, Knee MRI, Low Field MRI.
 
Images, Movies, Sliders:
 MRI - Anatomic Imaging of the Foot  Open this link in a new window
    
SlidersSliders Overview

 Anatomic Imaging of the Shoulder  Open this link in a new window
      

Courtesy of  Robert R. Edelman

 MRI - Anatomic Imaging of the Ankle 2  Open this link in a new window
    
SlidersSliders Overview

 Anatomic MRI of the Knee 1  Open this link in a new window
    
SlidersSliders Overview

 
Radiology-tip.comradJoint Scintigraphy,  Arthrography
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Medical-Ultrasound-Imaging.comSonography,  Musculoskeletal and Joint Ultrasound
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• View the DATABASE results for 'Imaging of the Extremities' (5).Open this link in a new window

 
Further Reading:
  Basics:
Musculoskeletal MRI at 3.0 T: Relaxation Times and Image Contrast
Sunday, 1 August 2004   by www.ajronline.org    
Optimizing Musculoskeletal MR
   by rad.usuhs.mil    
VALUE OF 3D T1W & STIR MRI SEQUENCES IN DIAGNOSING EROSIONS IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
   by www.bocaradiology.com    
Comparison of New Methods for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Articular Cartilage(.pdf)
2002
  News & More:
MRI of Hand, Foot May Predict RA in Undifferentiated Arthritis
Monday, 24 January 2022   by consumer.healthday.com    
MRI-Detected Erosions of the Small Joints Not Predictive of Later Rheumatoid Arthritis
Tuesday, 7 July 2020   by www.rheumatologyadvisor.com    
MRI Superior to Radiography in Capturing Joint Changes That Signal Future Bleeds, Study Says
Friday, 7 February 2020   by hemophilianewstoday.com    
3D 'bone maps' could spot early signs of osteoporosis
Monday, 27 February 2017   by www.gmanetwork.com    
Is magnetic resonance imaging necessary in isolated greater trochanter fracture? A systemic review and pooled analysis
Thursday, 24 December 2015   by www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov    
Researcher uses MRI to measure joint's geometry and role in severe knee injury
Tuesday, 23 September 2014   by medicalxpress.com    
MRI technique allows study of wrist in motion
Monday, 6 January 2014   by www.healthimaging.com    
Searchterm 'Cation' was also found in the following services: 
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Infinion 1.5TPanorama 0.2InfoSheet: - Devices -
Intro, 
Types of Magnets, 
Overview, 
etc.MRI Resource Directory:
 - Devices -
 
From Philips Medical Systems; www.medical.philips.com/main/products/mri/products/infinion1.5t/features/ Philips Infinion 1.5 T is designed to maximize the efficiency and quality of patient care. Developed with the patient in mind, the Infinion is the shortest and most open 1.5T scanner available. The unique 'ultra short' 1.4 m magnet assures patient comfort and acceptance without compromising image quality and clinical performance.
Device Information and Specification
CLINICAL APPLICATION
Whole body
CONFIGURATION
Ultra short bore
Head, head / neck, integrated C-spine, L/T spine array, small large GP coils, body flex array, torso pelvis array, breast array, endocavitary, shoulder array, lower extremity, hand / wrist, cardiac, PV array
SYNCHRONIZATION
ECG/peripheral, respiratory gating
PULSE SEQUENCES
SE, TSE, SS TSE, EPI, IR, STIR, FLAIR, FFE, TFE, T1 TFE, T2 TFE, Presat, Fatsat, MTC, Diff-opt., Angiography: PCA, MCA, TOF
IMAGING MODES
Single slice, single volume, multi slice, multi volume
TR
3.1 msec minimum
TE
0.9 msec minimum
SINGLE/MULTI SLICE
80 images/sec std.; up to320 opt.@256
FOV
0.4 - 56 cm
2D: 0.3 mm; 3D: 0.2 mm
1024 x 1024
MEASURING MATRIX
8 x 8 to 1024 x 1024
PIXEL INTENSITY
256 gray scale
BORE DIAMETER
or W x H
60 cm diameter (patient)
MAGNET WEIGHT
4100 kg w/cryogen's
H*W*D
233 (lead fitted) x 198 x 140 cm
POWER REQUIREMENTS
400/480 V
COOLING SYSTEM TYPE
Closed loop, chilled water
CRYOGEN USE
0.06 L/hr helium
STRENGTH
30 mT/m
5-GAUSS FRINGE FIELD
3.0 m / 5.0 m
Passive/active
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• View the DATABASE results for 'Infinion 1.5T™' (2).Open this link in a new window

MRI Resources 
Spectroscopy - Services and Supplies - Mobile MRI Rental - Safety Training - Movies - MRI Technician and Technologist Career
 
Intera 0.5TPanorama 0.2InfoSheet: - Devices -
Intro, 
Types of Magnets, 
Overview, 
etc.MRI Resource Directory:
 - Devices -
 
www.medical.philips.com/de/products/mri/products/ From Philips Medical Systems;
this low field MRI system of the Intera-family is onto diagnostic safety and flexibility aligned - cost effective and with high patient acceptance.
Device Information and Specification
CLINICAL APPLICATION
Whole body
CONFIGURATION
Short bore compact
Standard: head, body, C1, C3; Optional: Small joint, flex-E, flex-R, endocavitary (L and S), dual TMJ, knee, neck, T/L spine, breast; Optional phased array: Spine, pediatric, 3rd party connector, Flex-S-M-L, flex body, flex cardiac, neuro-vascular, head
SYNCHRONIZATION
ECG/peripheral: Optional/yes, respiratory gating
PULSE SEQUENCES
SE, Modified-SE (TSE), DAVE, STIR, FLAIR, SPIR, MTC, Dynamic, Keyhole, CLEAR, Q Flow, Balanced FFE, Multi Chunk 3D, Multi Stack 3D, FFE-EPI, SE-EPI, IR-EPI, GRASE, Diffusion Imaging, Perfusion Imaging;; Angiography: Inflow MRA, TONE, PCA, CE MRA
IMAGING MODES
Single Slice 2D , Multi Single Slice 2D, Multi Slice 2D, 3D, Multi Chunk 3D, Multi Stack 3D
TR
Min. 2.9 (Omni) msec
TE
Min. 1.0 (Omni) msec
SINGLE/MULTI SLICE
RapidView Recon. greater than 500 @ 256 Matrix
FOV
Max. 53 cm
0.1 mm (Omni)
128 x 128, 256 x 256,512 x 512,1024 x 1024
MEASURING MATRIX
Variable in 1% increments
PIXEL INTENSITY
Lum.: 120 cd/m2; contrast: 150:1
Variable (op. param. depend.)
60 x 60 cm
MAGNET WEIGHT
2500 kg
H*W*D
240 x 188 x 157 cm
POWER REQUIREMENTS
380/400 V
CRYOGEN USE
0.03 L/hr helium
STRENGTH
23 mT/m (Omni)
5-GAUSS FRINGE FIELD
2.1 m / 2.8 m
Passive and dynamic
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• View the DATABASE results for 'Intera 0.5T™' (2).Open this link in a new window

MRI Resources 
Crystallography - Calculation - DICOM - Used and Refurbished MRI Equipment - Quality Advice - MRI Reimbursement
 
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