Magnetic Resonance - Technology Information Portal Welcome to MRI Technology
Info
  Sheets

Out-
      side
 

New acceleration techniques will :
reduce scan times 
cause artifacts 
increase expenses 
be useful if you have a lot of experience 
doesn't do much 
never heard of 




 
MRI Devices, Systems
  • Intro
 
  
Ultrasound Imaging Systems Open this link in a new window
See the latest  NEWS and PRESS RELEASES for MRI DEVICES, SYSTEMS. 
Device 
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is based on the magnetic resonance phenomenon, and is used for medical diagnostic imaging since ca. 1977 (see also MRI History).
The first developed MRI devices were constructed as long narrow tunnels. In the meantime the magnets became shorter and wider. In addition to this short bore magnet design, open MRI machines were created. MRI machines with open design have commonly either horizontal or vertical opposite installed magnets and obtain more space and air around the patient during the MRI test.
The basic hardware components of all MRI systems are the magnet, producing a stable and very intense magnetic field, the gradient coils, creating a variable field and radio frequency (RF) coils which are used to transmit energy and to encode spatial positioning. A computer controls the MRI scanning operation and processes the information.
The range of used field strengths for medical imaging is from 0.15 to 3 T. The open MRI magnets have usually field strength in the range 0.2 Tesla to 0.35 Tesla. The higher field MRI devices are commonly solenoid with short bore superconducting magnets, which provide homogeneous fields of high stability.
There are this different types of magnets:
The majority of superconductive magnets are based on niobium-titanium (NbTi) alloys, which are very reliable and require extremely uniform fields and extreme stability over time, but require a liquid helium cryogenic system to keep the conductors at approximately 4.2 Kelvin (-268.8° Celsius). To maintain this temperature the magnet is enclosed and cooled by a cryogen containing liquid helium (sometimes also nitrogen).
The gradient coils are required to produce a linear variation in field along one direction, and to have high efficiency, low inductance and low resistance, in order to minimize the current requirements and heat deposition. A Maxwell coil usually produces linear variation in field along the z-axis; in the other two axes it is best done using a saddle coil, such as the Golay coil.
The radio frequency coils used to excite the nuclei fall into two main categories; surface coils and volume coils. The essential element for spatial encoding, the gradient coil sub-system of the MRI scanner is responsible for the encoding of specialized contrast such as flow information, diffusion information, and modulation of magnetization for spatial tagging.
An analog to digital converter turns the nuclear magnetic resonance signal to a digital signal. The digital signal is then sent to an image processor for Fourier transformation and the image of the MRI scan is displayed on a monitor.

For Ultrasound Imaging (USI) see Ultrasound Machine at Medical-Ultrasound-Imaging.com.

See also the related poll results: 'In 2010 your scanner will probably work with a field strength of' and 'Most outages of your scanning system are caused by failure of'

• View the NEWS results for 'Device' (29).Open this link in a new window.

• View the DATABASE results for 'Device' (141).Open this link in a new window

 
Further Reading:
  News & More:
small-steps-can-yield-big-energy-savings-and-cut-emissions-mris
Thursday, 27 April 2023   by www.itnonline.com    
Portable MRI can detect brain abnormalities at bedside
Tuesday, 8 September 2020   by news.yale.edu    
Point-of-Care MRI Secures FDA 510(k) Clearance
Thursday, 30 April 2020   by www.diagnosticimaging.com    
World's First Portable MRI Cleared by FDA
Monday, 17 February 2020   by www.medgadget.com    
Low Power MRI Helps Image Lungs, Brings Costs Down
Thursday, 10 October 2019   by www.medgadget.com    
Cheap, portable scanners could transform brain imaging. But how will scientists deliver the data?
Tuesday, 16 April 2019   by www.sciencemag.org    
The world's strongest MRI machines are pushing human imaging to new limits
Wednesday, 31 October 2018   by www.nature.com    
Kyoto University and Canon reduce cost of MRI scanner to one tenth
Monday, 11 January 2016   by www.electronicsweekly.com    
A transportable MRI machine to speed up the diagnosis and treatment of stroke patients
Wednesday, 22 April 2015   by medicalxpress.com    
Portable 'battlefield MRI' comes out of the lab
Thursday, 30 April 2015   by physicsworld.com    
Chemists develop MRI technique for peeking inside battery-like devices
Friday, 1 August 2014   by www.eurekalert.org    
New devices doubles down to detect and map brain signals
Monday, 23 July 2012   by scienceblog.com    
Low Field MRI 
Advantages of low field imaging are the small-sized 5 Gauss fringe field and therefore the less static magnetic field exposure for the surrounding area, as well as less contraindications causing lower risks for the MRI safety by implemented metal and magnetic devices and equipment.
Low field systems are sometimes for restricted use, e.g. dedicated extremity scanner or open MRI devices. Open MRI devices equipped with permanent magnets are well-suited for MR guided interventions because these machines combine the lower magnetic fields of this type of magnets and the better patient access of open MRI scanner.
In some cases, the contrast of different tissues is better at lower field strength, depending on their T1 or T2 relaxation times. The disadvantage of the lower signal to noise ratio are a poor resolution and a longer scan time for a good image quality.

See also Claustrophobia, Contraindications and MRI Safety.

See also the related poll result: 'In 2010 your scanner will probably work with a field strength of'

• View the NEWS results for 'Low Field MRI' (5).Open this link in a new window.

• View the DATABASE results for 'Low Field MRI' (8).Open this link in a new window

 
Further Reading:
  Basics:
Improving portable low-field MRI image quality through image-to-image translation using paired low- and high-field images
Friday, 1 December 2023   by www.nature.com    
  News & More:
Safety of Bedside Portable Low-Field Brain MRI in ECMO Patients Supported on Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump
Friday, 18 November 2022   by www.mdpi.com    
Researchers at the University of Tsukuba develop a portable MRI system specifically for identifying wrist cartilage damage among athletes, providing a convenient means of early detection and treatment of injuries
Tuesday, 26 April 2022   by www.tsukuba.ac.jp    
This bizarre looking helmet can create better brain scans
Friday, 11 February 2022   by www.sciencedaily.com    
A low-cost and shielding-free ultra-low-field brain MRI scanner
Tuesday, 14 December 2021   by www.nature.com    
Portable MRI provides life-saving information to doctors treating strokes
Thursday, 5 August 2021   by news.yale.edu    
Synaptive Evry, an MRI for Any Space, Cleared by FDA
Thursday, 30 April 2020   by www.medgadget.com    
World's First Portable MRI Cleared by FDA
Monday, 17 February 2020   by www.medgadget.com    
Introducing a point-of-care MRI system
Tuesday, 29 October 2019   by healthcare-in-europe.com    
Opportunities in Interventional and Diagnostic Imaging by Using High-performance Low-Field-Strength MRI
Tuesday, 1 October 2019   by pubs.rsna.org    
Portable 'battlefield MRI' comes out of the lab
Thursday, 30 April 2015   by physicsworld.com    
Portable MRI could aid wounded soldiers and children in the third world
Thursday, 23 April 2015   by phys.org    
High Field MRI 
The principal advantage of MRI at high field is the increase in signal to noise ratio. This can be used to improve anatomic and/or temporal resolution and reduce scan time while preserving image quality. MRI devices for whole body imaging for human use are available up to 3 tesla (3T). Functional MRI (fMRI) and MR spectroscopy (MRS) benefit significantly. In addition, 3T machines have a great utility in applications such as TOF MRA and DTI. Higher field strengths are used for imaging of small parts of the body or scientific animal experiments. Higher contrast may permit reduction of gadolinium doses and, in some cases, earlier detection of disease.
Using high field MRI//MRS, the RF-wavelength and the dimension of the human body complicating the development of MR coils. The absorption of RF power causes heating of the tissue. The energy deposited in the patient's tissues is fourfold higher at 3T than at 1.5T. The specific absorption rate (SAR) induced temperature changes of the human body are the most important safety issue of high field MRI//MRS.
Susceptibility and chemical shift dispersion increase like T1, therefore high field MRI occasionally exhibits imaging artifacts. Most are obvious and easily recognized but some are subtle and mimic diseases. A thorough understanding of these artifacts is important to avoid potential pitfalls. Some imaging techniques or procedures can be utilized to remove or identify artifacts.

See also Diffusion Tensor Imaging.

See also the related poll result: 'In 2010 your scanner will probably work with a field strength of'

• View the NEWS results for 'High Field MRI' (9).Open this link in a new window.

• View the DATABASE results for 'High Field MRI' (16).Open this link in a new window

 
Further Reading:
  Basics:
Next-generation 7 T scanner ramps the resolution of brain MR imaging
Wednesday, 17 January 2024   by physicsworld.com    
A paired dataset of T1- and T2-weighted MRI at 3 Tesla and 7 Tesla
Thursday, 27 July 2023   by www.nature.com    
CLINICAL WHOLE BODY MRI AT 3.0 T(.pdf)
2001
Musculoskeletal MRI at 3.0 T: Relaxation Times and Image Contrast
Sunday, 1 August 2004   by www.ajronline.org    
  News & More:
How safe is 7T MRI for patients with neurosurgical implants?
Thursday, 17 November 2022   by healthimaging.com    
Impact of Magnetic Field Inhomogeneity on the Quality of Magnetic Resonance Images and Compensation Techniques: A Review
Saturday, 1 October 2022   by www.dovepress.com    
7-T clinical MRI of the shoulder in patients with suspected lesions of the rotator cuff
Friday, 7 February 2020   by eurradiolexp.springeropen.com    
A 100-hour MRI scan captured the most detailed look yet at a whole human brain
Monday, 8 July 2019   by www.sciencenews.or    
T2-Weighted Liver MRI Using the MultiVane Technique at 3T: Comparison with Conventional T2-Weighted MRI
Friday, 16 October 2015   by www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov    
Ultra-high-field MRI reveals language centres in the brain in much more detail
Tuesday, 28 October 2014   by medicalxpress.com    
Turbo-FLASH Based Arterial Spin Labeled Perfusion MRI at 7 T
Thursday, 20 June 2013   by www.plosone.org    
High-Resolution, Spin-Echo BOLD, and CBF fMRI at 4 and 7 T(.pdf)
October 2002   by otg.downstate.edu    
Vascular Filters of Functional MRI: Spatial Localization Using BOLD and CBV Contrast
  Devices - Types of Magnets top
Ultrasound Imaging Systems Open this link in a new window
Age is not a particularly interesting subject. Anyone can get old. All you have to do is live long enough.
- Groucho Marx
 
Share This Page
FacebookTwitterLinkedIn

MR-TIP    
Community   
User
Pass
Forgot your UserID/Password ?    



Look
      Ups






MR-TIP.com uses cookies! By browsing MR-TIP.com, you agree to our use of cookies.

Magnetic Resonance - Technology Information Portal
Member of SoftWays' Medical Imaging Group - MR-TIP • Radiology-TIP • Medical-Ultrasound-Imaging • 
Copyright © 2003 - 2024 SoftWays. All rights reserved. [ 19 March 2024]
Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Advertising
 [last update: 2024-02-26 03:41:00]