A series of rapidly recorded multiple images taken at sequential cycles of time and displayed on a monitor in a dynamic movie display format. This technique can be used to show true range of motion studies of joints and parts of the spine.

Cine sequences used in cardiovascular MRI are collection of images (usually at the same spatial location) covering of one full period of cardiac cycle or over several periods in order to obtain complete coverage.
The pulse sequence used, is either a standard gradient echo pulse sequence, a segmented data acquisition, a gradient echo EPI sequence or a gradient echo with balanced gradient waveform. In cardiac gating studies it is possible to assign consecutive lines either to different images, yielding a multiphase sequence with as many images as lines, or the lines are grouped together into segments and assigned to the same image. The overall time to acquire such a segment has to be small compared to the RR-interval of the cardiac cycle, i. e. 50 ms, and hence contains typically 8 to 16 image lines.
This strategy is called segmented data acquisition, and has the advantage of reducing overall imaging time for cardiac images so that they can be acquired within a breath hold, but obviously decreasing the temporal resolution of each individual image. This method shows dynamic processes, such as the ejection of blood out of the heart into the aorta, by means of fast imaging and displaying the resulting images in a sequential-loop, the impression of a real-time movie is generated. Ejection fractions and stroke volumes calculated from these cine MRI images in different cardiac axes have been shown to be more accurate than any other imaging modality.

See also Cardiac Gating.

The collection of images (usually at the same spatial location) covering one full period of motion or change but which may be acquired over several periods in order to obtain complete coverage.

European Medicines Agency (EMA) is a decentralised body of the European Union with headquarters in London.
'The EMA began its activities in 1995, when the European system for authorising medicinal products was introduced, providing for a centralised and a mutual recognition procedure. The EMA has a role in both, but is primarily involved in the centralised procedure. Where the centralised procedure is used, companies submit one single marketing authorisation application to the EMA. A single evaluation is carried out through the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) or Committee for Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use (CVMP). If the relevant Committee concludes that quality, safety and efficacy of the medicinal product is sufficiently proven, it adopts a positive opinion. This is sent to the Commission to be transformed into a single market authorisation valid for the whole of the European Union.'
'Its main responsibility is the protection and promotion of public and animal health, through the evaluation and supervision of medicines for human and veterinary use. The EMA coordinates the evaluation and supervision of medicinal products throughout the European Union. The Agency brings together the scientific resources of the 28 EU Member States in a network of over 40 national competent authorities. It cooperates closely with international partners, reinforcing the EU contribution to global harmonisation.'

(DICOM) DICOM is the industry standard for transferral of radiologic images and other medical information between computers. Patterned after the Open System Interconnection of the International Standards Organization, DICOM enables digital communication between diagnostic and therapeutic equipment and systems from various manufacturers.
The DICOM 3.0 standard evolved from versions 1.0 (1985) and 2.0 (1988) of a standard developed by the American College of Radiology (ACR) and National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA). To support the implementation and demonstration of DICOM 3.0, the RSNA Electronic Communications Committee began to work with the ACR-NEMA MedPacs ad hoc section in 1992.
Also Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS), which are connected with the Radiology Information System (RIS) use commonly the DICOM standard for the transfer and storage of medical images.