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MRI Resources 
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Respiratory Compensation
 
Respiratory compensation reduces motion artifacts due to breathing. The approach is to reassign the echoes that are sensitive to respiratory motion in the central region of k-space. The outer lines of phase encoding normally contain the echoes where the motion from expiration is the greatest. The central portion of k-space will have encoded the echoes where inspiration and expiration are minimal. By a bellows device fixed to the abdomen, monitoring of the diaphragm excursion is possible. Respiratory compensation does not increase scan time with most systems.
An advantage of very fast sequences is the possibility of breath holding during the acquisition to eliminate motion artifacts. Breath hold is commonly used on most abdominal studies where images are acquired using gradient echo-based sequences during a brief inspiratory period (20-30 seconds). To enhance the breath holding endurance of the patient, connecting the patient to oxygen at a 1-liter flow rate via a nasal cannula has been shown to be helpful.
Also called PEAR, Respiratory Trigger, Respiratory Gating, PRIZE, FREEZE, Phase Reordering.

See also Phase Encoding Artifact Reduction, Respiratory Ordered Phase Encoding.
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Further Reading:
  News & More:
Controlling patient's breathing makes cardiac MRI more accurate
Friday, 13 May 2016   by www.upi.com    
MRI Resources 
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Signa 3.0T™InfoSheet: - Devices -
Intro, 
Types of Magnets, 
Overview, 
etc.MRI Resource Directory:
 - Devices -
 
www.gehealthcare.com/usen/mr/s_excite3/index.html (Signa VH/i 3.0T)
With GE Healthcare leading-edge technology in ultra-high-field imaging. The 3 T VH/i provides a platform for advanced applications in radiology, cardiology, psychology and psychiatry. Real-time image processing lets you acquire multislice whole brain images and map brain functions for research or surgical planning. And the 3 T Signa VH/i is flexible enough to provide clinicians with high performance they require. It can provide not only outstanding features in brain scanning and neuro-system research, but also a wide range of use in scanning breasts, extremities, the spine and the cardiovascular systems.
Device Information and Specification
CLINICAL APPLICATION
Whole body
CONFIGURATION
Cylindrical - high homogeneity
T/R quadrature head, T/R quadrature body, T/R phased array extremity (opt)
SYNCHRONIZATION
ECG/peripheral, respiratory gating
PULSE SEQUENCES
SE, IR, 2D/3D GRE, FGRE, RF-spoiled GRE, FSE, Angiography: 2D/3D TOF, 2D/3D phase contrast vascular
IMAGING MODES
Single, multislice, volume study, fast scan, multi slab, cine, localizer
SINGLE SLICE
100 Images/sec with Reflex100
MULTISLICE
100 Images/sec with Reflex100
1 cm to 40 cm continuous
2D 0.5-100mm in 0.1mm incremental
1280 x 1024
MEASURING MATRIX
128x512 steps 32 phase encode
PIXEL INTENSITY
256 gray levels
55cm
MAGNET WEIGHT
15102 kg incl. cryogen's
H*W*D
260cm x 238cm x 265cm
POWER REQUIREMENTS
480 or 380/415, 3 phase ||
COOLING SYSTEM TYPE
Closed-loop water-cooled grad.
Less than 0.14 L/hr liquid He
STRENGTH
40mT/m
5-GAUSS FRINGE FIELD, radial/axial
5.4 m x 3.2 m
Superconductive + hi order active
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MRI Resources 
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Signa Contour/i 0.5T™InfoSheet: - Devices -
Intro, 
Types of Magnets, 
Overview, 
etc.MRI Resource Directory:
 - Devices -
 
www.gemedical.co.kr/rad/mri/products/contour/contouri.html From GE Healthcare;
GE's Signa Contour/i system uses the innovations like K4 technology and real-time interactive imaging. This compact magnet with wide-flare gantry obtains high patient comfort with low costs.
Device Information and Specification
CLINICAL APPLICATION
Whole body
CONFIGURATION
Compact
Head and body coil standard; all other coils optional; open architecture makes system compatible with a wide selection of coils
SYNCHRONIZATION
ECG/peripheral, respiratory gating
PULSE SEQUENCES
Standard: SE, IR, 2D/3D GRE and SPGR, Angiography;; 2D/3D TOF, 2D/3D Phase Contrast;; 2D/3D FSE, 2D/3D FGRE and FSPGR, SSFP, FLAIR, optional: EPI, 2D/3D Fiesta, FGRET, Spiral
IMAGING MODES
Localizer, single slice, multislice, volume, fast, POMP, multi slab
1 cm to 48 cm continuous
2D 0.8 mm to 20 mm; 3D 0.1 mm to 5 mm
1280 x 1024
MEASURING MATRIX
128x512 steps 32 phase encode
PIXEL INTENSITY
256 gray levels
POWER REQUIREMENTS
480 or 380/415 V
COOLING SYSTEM TYPE
Closed-loop water-cooled gradient
STRENGTH
SmartSpeed 23 mT/m, HiSpeed Plus 33 mT/m
Active
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MRI Resources 
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Signa HDe 1.5T™InfoSheet: - Devices -
Intro, 
Types of Magnets, 
Overview, 
etc.
 
www.vitalcom.com/euen/mri/products/signa-hde-15t/index.html From GE Healthcare;
GE Healthcare has added the Signa HDe 1.5T™, a compact MRI device at an affordable price to its family of MRI products. It has a single electronic cabinet that can be positioned inside the scanner room rather than in a separate equipment room. The Signa HDe 1.5T can be installed in the same physical location as 0.5T MRI systems with minimal construction costs. According to GE, the installation has been simplified to last only 7 days and has a 30 percent smaller footprint than a typical 1.5T system.
The 1.5T Signa™ HDe MRI system is substantially equivalent to the currently marketed GE 1.5T machines. The data acquisition system supports 1, 4, 8 independent receive channels and multiple independent coil elements per channel during a single acquisition series. The gradient specifications of HDe are lower than other GE Signa 1.5T MRI systems, but it can support clinical applications in cardiac and spectroscopy imaging.
Device Information and Specification
CLINICAL APPLICATION
Whole body
CONFIGURATION
Compact short bore
Head and body coil standard; all other coils optional e.g., abdomen, spine, breast, knee, shoulder, cardiac imaging coils
Possible
SYNCHRONIZATION
ECG/peripheral, respiratory gating, (SmartPrep, SmartStep)
PULSE SEQUENCES
Standard: SE, IR, 2D/3D GRE and SPGR, Angiography: 2D/3D TOF, 2D/3D Phase Contrast; 2D/3D FSE, 2D/3D FGRE and FSPGR, SSFP, FLAIR, EPI
IMAGING MODES
2D single slice, multi slice, and 3D volume images, multi slab, cine
1 cm to 48 cm continuous
2D 0.7 mm to 20 mm; 3D 0.1 mm to 5 mm
1028 x 1024
MEASURING MATRIX
128x512 steps 32 phase encode
PIXEL INTENSITY
256 gray levels
POWER REQUIREMENTS
480 or 380/415
COOLING SYSTEM TYPE
Closed-loop water-cooled gradient
CRYOGEN USE, L/hr
less than 0.03 L/hr liquid helium
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• View the NEWS results for 'Signa HDe 1.5T™' (1).Open this link in a new window.
 
Further Reading:
  Basics:
Signa HDe 1.5T
   by www.gehealthcare.com/    
MRI Resources 
Guidance - Pacemaker - Knee MRI - Implant and Prosthesis pool - Collections - Breast Implant
 
Signa HDx 1.5T™InfoSheet: - Devices -
Intro, 
Types of Magnets, 
Overview, 
etc.
 
www.vitalcom.com/euen/mri/products/signa-hdx-15t/index.html From GE Healthcare;
The GE Signa HDx MRI system is a whole body magnetic resonance scanner designed to support high resolution, high signal to noise ratio, and short scan times.
The 1.5T Signa HDx MR Systems is a modification of the currently marketed GE 1.5T machines, with the main difference being the change to the receive chain architecture that includes a thirty two independent receive channels, and allows for future expansion in 16 channel increments. The overall system has been improved with a simplified user interface and a single 23" liquid crystal display, improved multi channel surface coil connectivity, and an improved image reconstruction architecture known as the Volume Recon Engine (VRE).
Device Information and Specification
CLINICAL APPLICATION
Whole body
CONFIGURATION
Compact short bore
Possible
SYNCHRONIZATION
ECG/peripheral, respiratory gating, (SmartPrep, SmartStep)
PULSE SEQUENCES
Standard: SE, IR, 2D/3D GRE and SPGR, Angiography: 2D/3D TOF, 2D/3D Phase Contrast; 2D/3D FSE, 2D/3D FGRE and FSPGR, SSFP, FLAIR, EPI, optional: 2D/3D Fiesta, FGRET, Spiral, Tensor,
IMAGING MODES
2D single slice, multi slice, and 3D volume images, multi slab, cine
1 cm to 48 cm continuous
2D 0.7 mm to 20 mm; 3D 0.1 mm to 5 mm
1028 x 1024
MEASURING MATRIX
128x512 steps 32 phase encode
PIXEL INTENSITY
256 gray levels
POWER REQUIREMENTS
480 or 380/415
COOLING SYSTEM TYPE
Closed-loop water-cooled gradient
CRYOGEN USE, L/hr
less than 0.03 L/hr liquid helium
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MRI Resources 
Libraries - Mobile MRI Rental - Implant and Prosthesis pool - Case Studies - Universities - Open Directory Project
 
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