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Searchterm 'pulse sequences' was also found in the following services: 
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News  (1)  Resources  (5)  Forum  (8)  
 
Signa OpenSpeed™InfoSheet: - Devices -
Intro, 
Types of Magnets, 
Overview, 
etc.MRI Resource Directory:
 - Devices -
 
www.gehealthcare.com/usen/mr/open_speed/index.html From GE Healthcare;
a friendly and less confining appearance targets the 7% of individuals who refuse to have an MRI because of claustrophobia. This open MRI system is also up to three times faster than other scanners, therefore the Signa OpenSpeed™ reducing exam time and scheduling issues. In addition, a swing table provides better access and supports up to 500 pounds.
Device Information and Specification
CLINICAL APPLICATION
Whole body
CONFIGURATION
Integrated transmit and receive body coil; 4 channel head array, 8 channel CTL array, 2 channel shoulder array, 3 channel large extremity array, 3 channel small extremity array, 4 channel foot array, 3 channel wrist array, 4 channel breast array
SYNCHRONIZATION
Standard cardiac gating, ECG/peripheral, respiratory gating
PULSE SEQUENCES
Standard: SE, IR, 2D/3D GRE and SPGR, Angiography: 2D/3D TOF, 2D/3D Phase Contrast;; 2D/3D FSE, 2D/3D FGRE and FSPGR, SSFP, FLAIR, EPI, optional: 2D/3D Fiesta, FGRET, Spiral, Tensor
IMAGING MODES
Localizer, single slice, multislice, volume, fast, POMP, multi slab, cine
TR
1.3 to 12000 msec in increments of 1 msec
TE
0.4 to 2000 msec in increments of 1 msec
SINGLE/MULTI SLICE
Simultaneous scan and reconstruction;; 100 images/second with Reflex 100
1cm to 40 cm continuous
2D: 0.8mm - 20mm 3D: 0.1mm - 20mm
1280 x 1024
MEASURING MATRIX
128x512 steps 32 phase//freq.
PIXEL INTENSITY
256 gray levels
0.08 mm; 0.02 mm optional
175 x 85 x 447 cm
MAGNET WEIGHT
8256 kg
H*W*D
530 x 175 x 250 cm
POWER REQUIREMENTS
200 - 480, 3-phase
COOLING SYSTEM TYPE
Liquid helium
0.03 L/hr, holds 300 L
STRENGTH
25 mT/m
5-GAUSS FRINGE FIELD
4.7 m/ 3.8 m
Computerized passive shimming during magnet setup, autoshim per series with automatic table motion to magnet isocenter for each prescription
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Further Reading:
  News & More:
MR Surgical Suite, Improving surgical procedure quality (.pdf)
   by www3.gehealthcare.com    
MRI Resources 
MRCP - Health - Online Books - Raman Spectroscopy - Bioinformatics - Image Quality
 
Signa Ovation™InfoSheet: - Devices -
Intro, 
Types of Magnets, 
Overview, 
etc.MRI Resource Directory:
 - Devices -
 
www.gehealthcare.com/usen/mr/ovation/index.html From GE Healthcare;
the Signa Ovation™ is a patient-friendly open MRI scanner designed not only to handle a typical patient mix, but to accommodate larger patients, patients who are claustrophobic, and others who have difficulty tolerating the close quarters of conventional MR machines.
Device Information and Specification
CLINICAL APPLICATION
Whole body
CONFIGURATION
Integrated transmit and receive body coil; head coil, 4 channel neurovascular array, 8 channel CTL array, 2 channel shoulder array, 3 channel large extremity array, 3 channel small extremity array, 4 channel foot array, 3 channel wrist array
SYNCHRONIZATION
Standard cardiac gating, ECG/peripheral, respiratory gating
PULSE SEQUENCES
Standard: SE, IR, 2D/3D GRE and SPGR, 2D/3D TOF, 2D/3D FSE, 2D/3D FGRE and FSPGR, SSFP, FLAIR, EPI, optional: 2D/3D Fiesta, true chem sat, fat/water separation, single shot diffusion EPI, line scan diffusion
IMAGING MODES
Localizer, single slice, multislice, volume, fast, POMP, multi slab, cine, slice and frequency zip, extended dynamic range, tailored RF
TR
1.3 to 12000 msec in increments of 1 msec
TE
0.4 to 2000 msec in increments of 1 msec
SINGLE/MULTI SLICE
Simultaneous scan and reconstruction;; 80 images/second reconstruction
3cm to 40 cm continuous
2D: 1.4mm - 20mm 3D: 0.2mm - 20mm
1280 x 1024
MEASURING MATRIX
128x512 steps 32 phase//freq.
PIXEL INTENSITY
256 gray levels
0.08 mm; 0.02 mm optional
MAGNET TYPE
Permanent
175 x 85 x 447 cm
MAGNET WEIGHT
19200 kg
H*W*D
530 x 175 x 250 cm
POWER REQUIREMENTS
200 - 480, 3-phase
GRADIENT COOLING
None
MAX. GRADIENT AMPLITUDE
19 mT/m
5-GAUSS FRINGE FIELD
2.5 m/2.5 m
Computerized passive shimming during magnet setup, autoshim per series with automatic table motion to magnet isocenter for each prescription
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• View the DATABASE results for 'Signa Ovation™' (2).Open this link in a new window

MRI Resources 
Fluorescence - Portals - Lung Imaging - MRA - Anatomy - Supplies
 
Signa Profile™InfoSheet: - Devices -
Intro, 
Types of Magnets, 
Overview, 
etc.MRI Resource Directory:
 - Devices -
 
www.gehealthcare.com/usen/mr/profilei/index.html From GE Healthcare;
the New Signa Profile/i is a patient friendly open MRI system that virtually eliminates patient anxiety and claustrophobia, without compromising diagnostic utility.
Device Information and Specification
CLINICAL APPLICATION
Whole body
CONFIGURATION
Integrated transmit body coil, body flex sizes: M, L, XL, quadrature, head coil quadrature, 4 channel neurovascular array, 8 channel CTL array, quad. c-spine, 2 channel shoulder array, extremity coil, 3 channel wrist array, 4 channel breast array, 6, 9, 11 inch general purpose loop coils
SYNCHRONIZATION
Standard cardiac gating, ECG/peripheral, respiratory gating
PULSE SEQUENCES
Standard: SE, IR, 2D/3D GRE and SPGR, Angiography: 2D/3D TOF, 2D/3D phase contrast; 2D/3D FSE, 2D/3D FRFSE, FGRE and FSPGR, SSFP, FLAIR, EPI, optional: 2D/3D Fiesta, fat/water separation, T1 FLAIR
IMAGING MODES
Localizer, single slice, multislice, volume, fast, POMP, multi slab, cine, slice and frequency zip, extended dynamic range, tailored RF
TR
6 to 12000 msec in increments of 1 msec
TE
1.3 to 2000 msec in increments of 1 msec
SINGLE/MULTI SLICE
Simultaneous scan and reconstruction;; 80 images/second reconstruction
3cm to 40 cm continuous
2D: 2.7mm - 20mm 3D: 0.2mm - 5mm
1280 x 1024
MEASURING MATRIX
128x512 steps 32 phase//freq.
PIXEL INTENSITY
256 gray levels
0.08 mm; 0.02 mm optional
MAGNET TYPE
Permanent
120 x 44 cm
MAGNET WEIGHT
10,000 kg w/gradient enclosure
H*W*D
147 x 214 x 193 cm
POWER REQUIREMENTS
200 - 480, 3-phase
COOLING SYSTEM TYPE
None required
STRENGTH
15 mT/m
5-GAUSS FRINGE FIELD
1.7 m/1.7 m
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• View the DATABASE results for 'Signa Profile™' (2).Open this link in a new window

Searchterm 'pulse sequences' was also found in the following services: 
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News  (1)  Resources  (5)  Forum  (8)  
 
Signa SP 0.5T™ Open ConfigurationInfoSheet: - Devices -
Intro, 
Types of Magnets, 
Overview, 
etc.MRI Resource Directory:
 - Devices -
 
www.gehealthcare.com/usen/mr/index.html From GE Healthcare;
The Signa SP 0.5T™ is an open MRI magnet that is designed for use in interventional radiology and intra-operative imaging. The vertical gap configuration increases patient positioning options, improves patient observation, and allows continuous access to the patient during imaging. The magnet enclosure also incorporates an intercom, patient observation video camera, laser patient alignment lights, and task lighting in the imaging volume.
Device Information and Specification
CLINICAL APPLICATION
Whole body
CONFIGURATION
Open
Integrated transmit and receive body coil; optional rotational body coil, head; other coils optional; open architecture makes system compatible with a wide selection of coilsarray
SYNCHRONIZATION
Standard cardiac gating, ECG/peripheral, respiratory gating
PULSE SEQUENCES
Standard: SE, IR, 2D/3D GRE and SPGR, 2D/3D TOF, 2D/3D FSE, 2D/3D FGRE and FSPGR, SSFP, FLAIR, EPI, optional: 2D/3D Fiesta, true chem sat, fat/water separation, single shot diffusion EPI
IMAGING MODES
Localizer, single slice, multislice, volume, fast, POMP, multi slab, cine, slice and frequency zip, extended dynamic range, tailored RF
TR
1.3 to 12000 msec in increments of 1 msec
TE
0.4 to 2000 msec in increments of 1 msec
3cm to 40 cm continuous
2D: 1.4mm - 20mm 3D: 0.2mm - 20mm
1280 x 1024
MEASURING MATRIX
128x512 steps 32 phase//freq.
PIXEL INTENSITY
256 gray levels
60 x 58 cm
POWER REQUIREMENTS
200 - 480, 3-phase
COOLING SYSTEM TYPE
Liquid helium
0.03 L/hr, holds 300 L
STRENGTH
12 mT/m
Active
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• View the DATABASE results for 'Signa SP 0.5T™ Open Configuration' (2).Open this link in a new window

 
Further Reading:
  News & More:
MR Surgical Suite, Improving surgical procedure quality (.pdf)
   by www3.gehealthcare.com    
MRI Resources 
Diffusion Weighted Imaging - Breast MRI - Pediatric and Fetal MRI - Pathology - Guidance - Spectroscopy
 
Specific Absorption Rate
 
(SAR) The Specific Absorption Rate is defined as the RF power absorbed per unit of mass of an object, and is measured in watts per kilogram (W/kg).
The SAR describes the potential for heating of the patient's tissue due to the application of the RF energy necessary to produce the MR signal. Inhomogeneity of the RF field leads to a local exposure where most of the absorbed energy is applied to one body region rather than the entire person, leading to the concept of a local SAR. Hot spots may occur in the exposed tissue, to avoid or at least minimize effects of such theoretical complications, the frequency and the power of the radio frequency irradiation should be kept at the lowest possible level. Averaging over the whole body leads to the global SAR.
It increases with field strength, radio frequency power and duty cycle, transmitter-coil type and body size. The doubling of the field strength from 1.5 Tesla (1.5T) to 3 Tesla (3T) leads to a quadrupling of SAR. In high and ultrahigh fields, some of the multiple echo, multiple-slice pulse sequences may create a higher SAR than recommended by the agencies. SAR can be reduced by lower flip angle and longer repetition times, which could potentially affect image contrast.
Normally no threatening increase in temperature could be shown. Even in high magnetic fields, the local temperature increases not more than 1°C. 2.1°C is the highest measured increase in skin temperature. Eddy currents may heat up implants and thus may cause local heating.

FDA SAR limits:
Whole body: 4W/kg/15-minute exposure averaged;
Head: 3W/kg/10-minute exposure averaged;
Head or torso: 8W/kg/5 minute exposure per gram of tissue;
Extremities: 12W/kg/5 minute exposure per gram of tissue.

IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) SAR limits of some European countries:
All limits are averaged over 6 minutes.
Level 0 (normal operating mode): Whole body 2W/kg; Head 3.2W/kg; Head or Torso (local) 10W/kg; Extremities (local) 20W/kg;
Level I (first level controlled operating mode): Whole body 4W/kg; Head 3.2W/kg; Head or Torso (local) 10W/kg; Extremities (local) 20W/kg;
Level II (second level controlled operating mode): All values are over Level I values.
(For more details: IEC 60601-2-33 (2002))

In most countries standard MRI systems are limited to a maximum SAR of 4 W/kg, so most scanning in level II is impossible.
For Level I, in addition to routine monitoring, particular caution must be exercised for patients who are sensitive to temperature increases or to RF energy.
For Japan different SAR limits are valid.
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• View the DATABASE results for 'Specific Absorption Rate' (8).Open this link in a new window


• View the NEWS results for 'Specific Absorption Rate' (1).Open this link in a new window.
 
Further Reading:
  Basics:
SED Guidance
Saturday, 1 January 2022   by www.mriphysics.scot.nhs.uk    
On the estimation of the worst-case implant-induced RF-heating in multi-channel MRI.
Thursday, 2 March 2017   by www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov    
What MRI Sequences Produce the Highest Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), and Is There Something We Should Be Doing to Reduce the SAR During Standard Examinations?
Thursday, 16 April 2015   by www.ajronline.org    
Evaluation of Specific Absorption Rate as a Dosimeter of MRI-Related Implant Heating
2004   by www.imrser.org    
  News & More:
Specific Absorption Rate and Specific Energy Dose: Comparison of 1.5-T versus 3.0-T Fetal MRI
Tuesday, 7 April 2020   by pubs.rsna.org    
MRI in Patients with Implanted Devices: Current Controversies
Monday, 1 August 2016   by www.acc.org    
Commission delays electromagnetic fields legislation
Monday, 29 October 2007   by cordis.europa.eu:80    
Accounting for biological aggregation in heating and imaging of magnetic nanoparticles
Tuesday, 2 September 2014   by www.ecnmag.com    
Guidance for Industry and FDA Staff, Criteria for Significant Risk Investigations of Magnetic Resonance Diagnostic Devices
Monday, 14 July 2003   by www.fda.gov    
MRI Resources 
Mobile MRI - Health - RIS - General - Breast MRI - Pathology
 
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