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| Result: Searchterm 'Energy'
found in 7 messages |
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More Results:  Database (60) News Service (21) Resources (6) |
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Herbert Müller
Thu. 5 May.22,
01:33
[Reply (11 of 12) to:
'90 excitation pulse vs 180 inversion pulse'
started by: 'Bjorn Redfors'
on Sat. 27 Jun.09]
 Category:
Basics and Physics
|
| 90 excitation pulse vs 180 inversion pulse |
Hello,
I dont know if anyone has, for him/herself, answered this question. I know it is an old thread. But this is the question which also botheres me the most in NMR/MRI.
I refer now to a picture, which is illustrated in the book from Tim Claridge (High resolution NMR techniques).
Here, a RF pulse (lets say a 90 degree pulse) is said to have two effects on the initial z-magnetisation. First, it allows energy transfer between the two Zeeman-states in a way, that i equalizes the population difference between them. So there is no z- magnetisation anymore after 90 degree pulse. Th esecond effect is, that it induces phase-coherence. And this phase coherence is then responsible for the x-magnetisation, which is measured.
And now I have the same question. Why is this phase coherence lost (or is it not?), when applying an initial 180-degree pulse. Understandable for me is, why the population difference in z is reversed, but I dont understand, why there is no xy magnetisation anymore.
Maybe some of you have figured out the answer in the meantime?
Greetings
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Brenna Bray
Tue. 10 Mar.20,
15:59
[Start of:
'Proton excitation from B0 to B1'
0 Reply]
Category:
General
|
| Proton excitation from B0 to B1 |
I'm new to MRI imaging and currently taking an introductory course online. I understand that the introduction of a small magnetic field/RF pulses on top of the static magnetic field (B0) excites protons into a high energy state (B1). Does this mean that the protons are excited from a spin that is parallel to the longitudinal B0 plane to one that is antiparallel to the longitudinal B0 plane, or that the proton spin is excited from one that is aligned/polarized with B0 to one that is either parallel or antiparallel to B0 in the B1/xy plane?
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Clifford Thornton
Thu. 30 Jun.16,
17:48
[Start of:
'Max. SAR per second - Whole Body (Normal, 1st Controlled, 2nd Control)'
0 Reply]
Category:
Safety
|
| Max. SAR per second - Whole Body (Normal, 1st Controlled, 2nd Control) |
Hello fellow imaging technologists & professionals!
I'm involved in the development of a new type of cardiovascular medical device.
This device employs MRI technology/scans to power, guide, and control the medical devices and their active elements.
I conducted some research into the following question, "How much x-ray energy is allowed within a human every sec from a MRI machine?"
With regards to SAR rates, I understand that these are the upper-limits for the various settings for a full-body scan:
Normal setting: Whole body SAR - 2
1st Level Controlled: Whole body SAR - 4
2nd Level Controlled: Whole body SAR - >4
Would you agree with these calculations that I performed, and if not, why? And what would be a better way to calculate this?
For WHOLE BODY SAR:
-SO IF IN NORMAL MODE FOR MRI, THE MAX. ALLOWABLE SAR IS "2" OVER A 6 MIN. PERIOD, THEN
-6 MIN. = 360 SECONDS
-2 / 360 = 0.00555
FOR 1ST LEVEL CONTROLLED:
-SO IF IN 1ST LEVEL CONTROLLED FOR MRI, THE MAX. ALLOWABLE SAR IS "4" OVER A 6 MIN. PERIOD, THEN
-6 MIN. = 360 SECONDS
-4/ 360 = 0.01111
Other questions -- What is the difference between normal setting, 1st conrolled and 2nd controlled?
What is the clinical purpose of these various settings?
Any insights that you would be willing to share in regards to the above would be greatly appreciated!
I was trained and registred as a diagnostic echocardiographer, specializing in cardiovascular ultrasound, therefore I need help with MRI information/specifications. I am now focusing on the medical device field, but this technology/device happens to be highly dependent on MRI technology.
Any help from the group would be greatly appreciated!!
Thanks & regards,
Clifford Thornton
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Steven Ford
Tue. 31 Jan.12,
08:19
[Reply (1 of 2) to:
'RF shimming'
started by: 'Reader Mail'
on Thu. 1 Oct.09]
Category:
Basics and Physics
|
| RF shimming |
For Magnetic fields, the overall field is adjusted to push it up a little bit in one spot and push it down a little bit in another area. The goal is to create a field that's perfectly homogenous.
The RF field created by the transmit coil likewise must be as homogenous as possible, so that the flip angle is constant throughout the imaging volume. In the past, designers have solved this problem by building coils such as the 'birdcage' style that would create a very even amount of energy inside. This is one reason why the transmit coils tend to be large.
With the advent of 3 Tesla and stronger magnets, the RF resonant frequency also rises. RF energy absorbed in the patient rises with the higher frequencies also, and another problem raises its head: it's a lot harder to make a very homogenous RF field. Even if you are scanning phantoms, the inside tends to be subject to different energy than the edges.
But in the human body, there are all sorts of irregular lumps and bumps that absorb RF differently, further complicating matters.
Now, on modern scanners it's possible to perform a magnetic field shim with the patient actually in the magnet in order to compensate for minute changes in the magnet from one exam to another. For super-high field magnets, an RF shim is also a handy thing to do.
If you have a Multi element RF transmit coil (regular phased array coils are just for receiving) you can run a program which selectively turns up the power in some elements so that the overall signal received is maximized. That's an RF shim.
Steven Ford
Professional Imaging Services, Inc.
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Steven Ford
Tue. 7 Jun.11,
18:03
[Reply (2 of 3) to:
'LCD Display Monitors'
started by: 'robert popilock'
on Mon. 23 May.11]
Category:
Safety
|
| LCD Display Monitors |
I think that the question is, can you use a display near the magnet, inside the RF shielded room?
The short answer is, No, unless it's specifically marked MR-safe and/or included in equipment that's specificaly designed to be near the magnet, such as an injector.
The problem with using, for example, a monitor from Best Buy is that it will probably emit RF energy that will corrupt the very weak MRI signal recieved from the patient's body. Of course, there is also the question of anchoring the monitor to prevent it from being attracted into the magnet.
In general, an off the shelf monitor will not be affected by the magnet.
You can buy special RF shielded monitors, or enclosures.
If you were thinking about adding a patient DVD viewing capability, there are several other concerns to keep in mind. The signal feeding the monitor must be filtered where it enters the RF shield.
Steven Ford
Professional Imaging Services, Inc.
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