From Philips Medical Systems;
this active shielded member of the Panorama product line combines the advantages of one 1.0 T system's with the possibilities of an open MRI system. The open design helps ease anxiety for claustrophobic patients and increased patient comfort whereby the field strength provides spectacular image quality and fast patient throughput.

(PFI) A flip angle of less than 90° only partially converts the z-magnetization, leaving a fraction cos a along the longitudinal direction. A flip angle of 90° converts all the z-magnetization into xy-magnetization.
When the repetition time is shorter than T1, the use of a partial flip angle can lead to higher signal intensity. The maximum signal intensity is given by the Ernst angle. For spin echo pulse sequences using an odd number of 180° pulses, an effect similar to the use of a partial flip angle is obtained by using a flip angle greater than 90° to offset the inversion of the remaining longitudinal magnetization by the 180° pulse.

Quick Overview
Please note that there are different common names for this artifact.

This artifact is caused by movements of the patient or organic processes taking place in the body of the patient. The artifact appears as bright noise, repeating densities or ghosting in the phase encoding direction.

There are different solutions for reduction of phase encoded motion artifacts.
Cardiac and respiratory gating, breath holding, sedation of the patient, presaturation pulses for flow artifacts (e.g. arterial pulsation, breathing), fast imaging sequences, etc.

See also Motion Artifact, Ghosting Artifact, Motion Compensation Pulse Sequences and Artifact Reduction - Motion.

The schematic figures of a pulse sequence timing diagram illustrate the steps of basic hardware activity that are incorporated into a pulse sequence. Time during sequence execution is indicated along the horizontal axes. Each line belongs to a different hardware component. One line is needed for the radio frequency transmitter and also one for each gradient (G_s = slice selection gradient x, G_f = phase encoding gradient y, G_f = frequency encoding gradient z, also called readout gradient).
In picture 1, a timing diagram for a 2D pulse sequence is shown.
Slice selection and signal detection are repeated in duration, relative timing and amplitude, each time the sequence is repeated. A single phase encoding component is present each time the sequence is executed.
Additional lines are added for ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) and sampling. A gradient pulse is shown as a deviation above or below the horizontal line. Simultaneous component activities such as the RF pulse and slice selection gradient are indicated as a non-zero deviation from both lines at the same horizontal position. Simple deviations from zero show constant amplitude gradient pulse. Gradient amplitudes that change during the measurement, e.g. phase encoding are represented as hatched regions.

The second picture shows a timing diagram for a 3D pulse sequence.
Volume excitation and signal detection are repeated in duration, relative timing and amplitude, each time the sequence is repeated. Two phase encoding components are present, one in the phase encoding direction and the other in slice selection direction (irrespectively incremented in amplitude) in each time the sequence is executed. A description of the comparison of hardware activity between different pulse sequences.

From ISOL Technology
'RELAX is open type MRI system created by making up for the weakness of existing conventional MR systems and applying the strength and the application of the middle to high field MR without uncompromising the image quality.
RELAX offers you a premium mix of form, performance and functionality that are patient and user friendly beyond comparison. - New breed of MRI pursuing - patients comfort'